Supreme Court allows NIH to stop making nearly $800M in research grants, for now

on August 21, 2025

In what the ACLU has referred to as "an ideological purge," Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the secretary of Health and Human Services, instructed a re-evaluation of all grants funding or supporting "DEI and gender identity research activities and programs." Funding was also withdrawn from projects studying "vaccine hesitancy" and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, projects that the NIH asserts have "outlasted" their "limited purpose."

The Supreme Court overturned by a 5-4 decision a lower court order, deciding at least temporarily, that the National Institute of Health does not need to continue paying out approximately $783 million in research grants to projects that the institute has since-stopped funding.

But the court, in its emergency docket order, also left in place by a 5-4 order a lower court ruling that threw out NIH memos that enforced the administration's policies.

Sixteen states, as well as advocacy organizations, and researchers disagreed—they sued the NIH and Kennedy, arguing that terminating the research grants was unconstitutional.

Justice Amy Coney Barrett sided with conservatives save Chief Justice John Roberts who sided with the court's three liberals.

In February, the NIH, the "largest public funder of biomedical research in the world," began terminating federal grants en masse for projects that did not "align with" the Trump administration's policies.

The NIH leaders argue that "awards can be terminated if they do not support agency objectives or policies" as noted in the NIH's Notice of Award Stipulations. They compared this case to an April Supreme Court emergency docket decision where the justices allowed the administration to freeze $65 million worth of Department of Education DEI-related grants while the case proceeded in the lower courts.

A federal district court judge concluded that the terminations were based on "no reasoned decision-making" and, after a bench trial, temporarily reinstated the grants. In his decision, Judge William Young, criticized the NIH for breaking "a historical norm of a largely apolitical scientific research agency." The First Circuit Court of Appeals refused to intervene in the lower court's temporary decision.

But today, the Supreme Court blocked the district court's order, allowing the Trump administration to pause paying out grants to researchers as this case proceeds in the lower courts.